What characterizes independent films?

Independent films are characterized by being produced outside of the major studio system, which allows for a greater degree of artistic freedom. This independence often means that filmmakers are able to explore unique narratives, diverse themes, and innovative storytelling techniques that might not align with the commercial interests of larger studios. These films typically operate with smaller budgets, enabling a sense of creativity without the constraints commonly imposed by major production companies driven by profit margins.

In contrast, the other options highlight characteristics that are fundamentally at odds with the essence of independent filmmaking. Major studios with large budgets focus on blockbuster themes aimed at mass appeal, which can stifle creativity due to the commercial pressure they impose. The idea that independent films are only released in international markets is misleading, as many independent films find success and distribution in domestic markets as well. Thus, the essence of independent films lies in their autonomy and commitment to artistic expression, distinguishing them from mainstream cinematic productions.